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When people awaken during REM sleep, they often describe bizarre and illogical tales. Heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, and males develop penile erections. Breathing becomes more rapid, irregular, and shallow, eyes jerk rapidly in various directions, and limb muscles become temporarily paralyzed. Stage 5: This stage is known as rapid eye movement ( REM). This forms 12 to 15 percent of total sleep. People awakened while in deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel disoriented for several minutes after waking up. It is difficult to wake someone during stages 3 and 4, which together are called “deep sleep.” There is no eye movement or muscle activity. Stage 4: The brain produces delta waves almost exclusively. This accounts for 4 to 6 percent of total sleep. Stage 3: Extremely slow brain waves called delta waves begin to appear, interspersed with smaller, faster waves. This stage forms 45 to 55 percent of total sleep. Stage 2: Eye movement stops and brain waves become slower, with occasional bursts of rapid waves called sleep spindles. This stage forms 4 to 5 percent of total sleep. Stage 1: Light sleep, slow eye movement, and reduced muscle activity. There are five phases of sleep in a sleep cycle: Phases of sleepĭreams most likely happen during REM sleep. They are by nature difficult to study in a laboratory, but technology and new research techniques may help improve our understanding of dreams. a psychological space where overwhelming, contradictory, or highly complex notions can be brought together by the dreaming ego, notions that would be unsettling while awake, serving the need for psychological balance and equilibrium.